spread coal

1) уголь

1) распространение; простирание || распространяться; простираться

2) протяжённость; расстояние

3) растекание || растекаться

4) вылет ( крановой стрелы)

5) размах

6) болото, образовавшееся из-за расширения реки перед естественной преградой

7) расплыв || расплываться; расползаться

8) сейсм. расстановка сейсмоприёмников

9) распластываться

10) расстилать(ся)

•

- analytical spread

- angular spread of beam

- angular spread

- beam spread

- doubly connected spread

- finitary spread

- free spread

- frequency spread

- lateral spread

- parameter spread

- partial spread

- permissible spread

- random spread

- regular spread

- restricted spread

- rotation spread

- simply connected spread

- spread of billet

- spread of distribution

- spread of matrix

- spread of points

- spread of time

- temperature-dewpoint spread

- three-sigma spread

- tolerance spread

- universal spread

1) распространение

SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology, Mining and extraction technology

[br]

[br]

[br]

Menzies was admitted as a member of the Faculty of Advocates on 31 January 1719. It is evident from his applications for patents that he was more concerned with inventions than the law, however. He took out his first patent in 1734 for a threshing machine in which a number of flails were attached to a horizontal axis, which was moved rapidly forwards and backwards through half a revolution, essentially imitating the action of an ordinary flail. The grain to be threshed was placed on either side.

Though not a practical success, Menzies's invention seems to have been the first for the mechanical threshing of grain. His idea of imitating non-mechanized action also influenced his invention of a coal cutter, for which he took out a patent in 1761 and which copied miners' tools for obtaining coal. He proposed to carry heavy chains down the pit so that they could be used to give motion to iron picks, saws or other chains with cutting implements. The chains could be set into motion by a steam-engine, by water-or windmills, or by horses gins. Although it is quite obvious that this apparatus could not work, Menzies was the first to have thought of mechanizing coal production in the style that was in use in the late twentieth century. Subsequent to Menzies's proposal, many inventors at varying intervals followed this direction until the problem was finally solved one century later by, among others, W.E. Garforth.

Menzies had successfully used the power of a steam-engine on the Wear eight years beforehand, when he obtained a patent for raising coal. According to his device a descending bucket filled with water raised a basket of coals, while a steam-engine pumped the water back to the surface; the balance-tub system, in various forms, quickly spread to other coalfields. Menzies's patent from 1750 for improved methods of carrying the coals from the coalface to the pit-shaft had also been of considerable influence: this device employed self-acting inclined planes, whereon the descending loaded wagons hauled up the empty ones.

[br]

SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology

[br]

[br]

[br]

Mansfield, the son of a country clergyman, was educated privately at first, then at Winchester College and at Cambridge; ill health, which dogged his early years, delayed his graduation until 1846. He was first inclined to medicine, but after settling in London, chemistry seemed to him to offer the true basis of the grand scheme of knowledge he aimed to establish. After completing the chemistry course at the Royal College of Chemistry in London, he followed the suggestion of its first director, A.W.von Hofmann, of investigating the chemistry of coal tar. This work led to a result of great importance for industry by demonstrating the valuable substances that could be extracted from coal tar. Mansfield obtained pure benzene, and toluene by a process for which he was granted a patent in 1848 and published in the Chemical Society's journal the same year The following year he published a pamphlet on the applications of benzene.

Blessed with a private income, Mansfield had no need to support himself by following a regular profession. He was therefore able to spread his brilliant talents in several directions instead of confining them to a single interest. During the period of unrest in 1848, he engaged in social work with a particular concern to improve sanitation. In 1850, a description of a balloon machine in Paris led him to study aeronautics for a while, which bore fruit in an influential book, Aerial Navigation (London, 1851). He then visited Paraguay, making a characteristically thorough and illuminating study of conditions there. Upon his return to London in 1853, Mansfield resumed his chemical studies, especially on salts. He published his results in 1855 as Theory of Salts, his most important contribution to chemical theory.

Mansfield was in the process of preparing specimens of benzene for the Paris Exhibition of 1855 when a naphtha still overflowed and caught fire. In carrying it to a place of safety, Mansfield sustained injuries which unfortunately proved fatal.

[br]

1) бандаж

SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy

[br]

[br]

[br]

After leaving school before the age of 14 Neilson followed his father in tending colliery-steam engines. He continued in this line while apprenticed to his elder brother and afterwards rose to engine-wright at Irvine colliery. That failed and Neilson obtained work as Foreman at the first gasworks to be set up in Glasgow. After five years he became Manager and Engineer to the works, remaining there for thirty years. He introduced a number of improvements into gas manufacture, such as the use of clay retorts, iron sulphate as a purifier and the swallow-tail burner. He had meanwhile benefited from studying physics and chemistry at the Andersonian University in Glasgow.

Neilson is best known for introducing hot blast into ironmaking. At that time, ironmasters believed that cold blast produced the best results, since furnaces seemed to make more and better iron in the winter than the summer. Neilson found that by leading the air blast through an iron chamber heated by a coal fire beneath it, much less fuel was needed to convert the iron ore to iron. He secured a patent in 1828 and managed to persuade Clyde Ironworks in Glasgow to try out the device. The results were immediately favourable, and the use of hot blast spread rapidly throughout the country and abroad. The equipment was improved, raising the blast temperature to around 300°C (572°F), reducing the amount of coal, which was converted into coke, required to produce a tonne of iron from 10 tonnes to about 3. Neilson entered into a partnership with Charles Macintosh and others to patent and promote the process. Successive, and successful, lawsuits against those who infringed the patent demonstrates the general eagerness to adopt hot blast. Beneficial though it was, the process did not become really satisfactory until the introduction of hot-blast stoves by E.A. Cowper in 1857.

[br]

SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology

[br]

[br]

[br]

The son of a prosperous Sheffield manufacturer, Roebuck forsook the family business to pursue studies in medicine at Edinburgh University. There he met Dr Joseph Black (1727–99), celebrated Professor of Chemistry, who aroused in Roebuck a lasting interest in chemistry. Roebuck continued his studies at Leyden, where he took his medical degree in 1742. He set up in practice in Birmingham, but in his spare time he continued chemical experiments that might help local industries.

Among his early achievements was his new method of refining gold and silver. Success led to the setting up of a large laboratory and a reputation as a chemical consultant. It was at this time that Roebuck devised an improved way of making sulphuric acid. This vital substance was then made by burning sulphur and nitre (potassium nitrate) over water in a glass globe. The scale of the process was limited by the fragility of the glass. Roebuck substituted "lead chambers", or vessels consisting of sheets of lead, a metal both cheap and resistant to acids, set in wooden frames. After the first plant was set up in 1746, productivity rose and the price of sulphuric acid fell sharply. Success encouraged Roebuck to establish a second, larger plant at Prestonpans, near Edinburgh. He preferred to rely on secrecy rather than patents to preserve his monopoly, but a departing employee took the secret with him and the process spread rapidly in England and on the European continent. It remained the standard process until it was superseded by the contact process towards the end of the nineteenth century. Roebuck next turned his attention to ironmaking and finally selected a site on the Carron river, near Falkirk in Scotland, where the raw materials and water power and transport lay close at hand. The Carron ironworks began producing iron in 1760 and became one of the great names in the history of ironmaking. Roebuck was an early proponent of the smelting of iron with coke, pioneered by Abraham Darby at Coalbrookdale. To supply the stronger blast required, Roebuck consulted John Smeaton, who c. 1760 installed the first blowing cylinders of any size.

All had so far gone well for Roebuck, but he now leased coal-mines and salt-works from the Duke of Hamilton's lands at Borrowstonness in Linlithgow. The coal workings were plagued with flooding which the existing Newcomen engines were unable to overcome. Through his friendship with Joseph Black, patron of James Watt, Roebuck persuaded Watt to join him to apply his improved steam-engine to the flooded mine. He took over Black's loan to Watt of £1,200, helped him to obtain the first steam-engine patent of 1769 and took a two-thirds interest in the project. However, the new engine was not yet equal to the task and the debts mounted. To satisfy his creditors, Roebuck had to dispose of his capital in his various ventures. One creditor was Matthew Boulton, who accepted Roebuck's two-thirds share in Watt's steam-engine, rather than claim payment from his depleted estate, thus initiating a famous partnership. Roebuck was retained to manage Borrowstonness and allowed an annuity for his continued support until his death in 1794.

[br]

1) отношение; соотношение; пропорция

2) коэффициент; степень; кратность

3) передаточное отношение

4) передаточное число

5) матем. частное

1) поверхность

1) abstauben [Möbel]

2) (sprinkle; also Cookery)

* * *

1) (fine grains of earth, sand etc: The furniture was covered in dust.) der Staub

2) (anything in the form of fine powder: gold-dust; sawdust.) der Staub

- duster

* * *

I. n no pl Staub m

coal \dust Kohlenstaub m

particle of \dust Staubpartikel nt

to collect [or gather] \dust Staub ansammeln

to be covered in \dust staubbedeckt [o staubig] sein; furniture, objects völlig verstaubt sein

▶ to allow the \dust to settle, to let the \dust settle, to wait till the \dust has settled [ab]warten, bis sich die Wogen wieder geglättet haben

▶ to bite the \dust ins Gras beißen fig fam

▶ you couldn't see him for [the] \dust und weg war er auch schon! fam

▶ to eat sb's \dust AM ( fam) von jdm abgehängt werden fam

eat my \dust! versuch mitzuhalten, wenn du kannst!

▶ to leave sb/sth in the \dust etw/jdn weit übertreffen

▶ to lick the \dust im Staub kriechen fig

▶ to throw \dust in sb's eyes jdm Sand in die Augen streuen fig

▶ to turn to \dust ( liter) zu Staub werden fig liter

II. vt

1. (clean)

▪ to \dust sth objects, furniture etw abstauben; rooms, buildings in etw dat Staub wischen

2. (spread over finely)

▪ to \dust sth [with sth] etw [mit etw dat] bestäuben; (using grated material) etw [mit etw dat] bestreuen

to \dust crops Getreide bestäuben

to \dust sth with insecticide etw mit einem Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel besprühen

III. vi Staub wischen

* * *

1. n no pl

1) Staub m

2)

2. vt

1) furniture abstauben; room Staub wischen in (+dat)

2) (COOK) bestäuben

3) (POLICE)

3. vi

* * *

dust [dʌst]

A s

1. Staub m:

in dust and ashes fig in Sack und Asche;

be dust (and ashes) to sb fig jemandem nichts bedeuten;

blow the dust off fig einen Plan etc wieder aus der Schublade holen;

be humbled in(to) the dust fig gedemütigt werden;

drag in the dust fig jemanden, etwas in den Staub ziehen oder zerren;

lick the dust umg ins Gras beißen (sterben);

shake the dust off one’s feet den Staub von den Füßen schütteln, fig a. verärgert oder entrüstet weggehen;

throw ( oder cast) dust in sb’s eyes fig jemandem Sand in die Augen streuen, jemandem blauen Dunst vormachen; → bite A 1, dry A 1, A 14 kiss B 1

2. Staubwolke f:

a) eine Staubwolke aufwirbeln,

b) auch kick up a dust fig viel Staub aufwirbeln;

the dust has settled fig die Aufregung hat sich gelegt, die Wogen haben sich geglättet

3. fig

a) Staub m, Erde f

b) sterbliche Überreste pl

c) menschlicher Körper, Mensch m:

turn to dust and ashes zu Staub und Asche werden, zerfallen

4. Br

a) Müll m, Abfall m

b) Kehricht m, auch n

5. BOT Blütenstaub m

6. (Gold- etc) Staub m

7. Bestäubungsmittel n, (Insekten- etc) Pulver n

8. → dustup

B v/t

1. a) Möbel etc abstauben

b) abstauben oder Staub wischen in (dat):

dust off fig einen Plan etc wieder aus der Schublade holen

2. auch dust down ausstauben, ausbürsten, ausklopfen:

dust sb’s jacket umg jemandem die Jacke vollhauen

3. bestreuen, bestäuben ( beide:

with mit):

dust sb’s eyes fig jemandem Sand in die Augen streuen, jemandem blauen Dunst vormachen

4. Pulver etc stäuben, streuen ( beide:

over über akk)

5. obs staubig machen, einstauben

C v/i

1. abstauben, Staub wischen

2. obs staubig werden, ein-, verstauben

3. im Staub baden (besonders Vogel)

* * *

1) abstauben [Möbel]

2) (sprinkle; also Cookery)

* * *

Abrieb -e f.

Staub nur sing. m. v.

abstauben v.

1) ((of a person or animal) to move quickly, faster than walking: He ran down the road.) teči

2) (to move smoothly: Trains run on rails.) teči

3) ((of water etc) to flow: Rivers run to the sea; The tap is running.) teči

4) ((of a machine etc) to work or operate: The engine is running; He ran the motor to see if it was working.) teči; spraviti v tek

5) (to organize or manage: He runs the business very efficiently.) voditi

6) (to race: Is your horse running this afternoon?) tekmovati

7) ((of buses, trains etc) to travel regularly: The buses run every half hour; The train is running late.) voziti

8) (to last or continue; to go on: The play ran for six weeks.) biti na sporedu

9) (to own and use, especially of cars: He runs a Rolls Royce.) voziti

10) ((of colour) to spread: When I washed my new dress the colour ran.) razlivati se

11) (to drive (someone); to give (someone) a lift: He ran me to the station.) peljati

12) (to move (something): She ran her fingers through his hair; He ran his eyes over the letter.) iti skozi; premikati

13) ((in certain phrases) to be or become: The river ran dry; My blood ran cold (= I was afraid).) postati

1) (the act of running: He went for a run before breakfast.) tek

2) (a trip or drive: We went for a run in the country.) izlet

3) (a length of time (for which something continues): He's had a run of bad luck.) obdobje

4) (a ladder (in a stocking etc): I've got a run in my tights.) spuščena zanka

5) (the free use (of a place): He gave me the run of his house.) prosta uporaba

6) (in cricket, a batsman's act of running from one end of the wicket to the other, representing a single score: He scored/made 50 runs for his team.) kurnik

7) (an enclosure or pen: a chicken-run.)

•

- runner

- runny

* * *

tekanje, tek, sport vztrajnostni tek, tekmovanje, dirka, hiter galop; naval, lov ( for na), hajka; hoja, vožnja, (hitro) potovanje; pot, izlet, sprehod; jadranje; brzi koraki, hiter tempo, hitra kretnja, premik, hiter padec, beg; zalet, zagon, napad, juriš; figuratively potek, smer, ritem, tendenca, moda; nepretrgana vrsta, niz, serija, nepretrgan čas, trajanje; American potok, reka, jarek; tok, struja, plima, valovi; prost dostop (do), prosta uporaba; trop, jata; pašnik, ograda, ograjen prostor za živino, za perutnino; sankališče; commerce veliko povpraševanje (on po, za), dobra prodaja, trajen uspeh; commerce kakovost, kvaliteta, vrsta, sorta; music hitra vrsta tonov, gostolevek, rulada; theatre čas izvedbe, trajanje (gledališke igre), uprizarjanje, prikazovanje, nepretrgana vrsta predstav; (karte) sekvenca; naklada (časopisa); technical delovni čas (o strojih); presek, prerez, splošnost, večina; technical tračnica; deska za vkrcavanje in izkrcavanje; odvodna cev

at the run, on the run — v teku

in the long run — sčasoma, končno, konec koncev

on the run — na nogah, nepretrgoma zaposlen, ki leta sem in tja; military ki je na umiku, na begu

with a run — nenadoma

a run to Bled — vožnja, izlet, skok na Bled

a run of bad luck at cards — dolgotrajna smola pri kartah

a run of ill luck — nepretrgana smola, vrsta nesreč

run of customers — naval odjemalcev

run of events — potek dogodkov

a run of gold — žila zlata

run of ground — zemeljski plaz

the run of public opinion — smer javnega mnenja

the common (ordinary) run of people — običajni, poprečni tip ljudi

non-stop run — nonstop vožnja

the usual run of things — običajni potek dogodkov

to be in the run — teči, dirkati, figuratively kandidirati

to be on the run — teči, tekati po poslih, biti vedno na nogah, tekati sem in tja

it is only a 30 minutes' run to our place — samo pol ure vožnje je do nas

it is all in the day's run — vse to spada v program dneva (dnevnih dogodkov)

this inn is quite out of the common run of country inns — ta gostilna je čisto različna od običajnega tipa podeželskih gostišč

there was a run on the banks — vlagatelji so navalili na banke (da bi dvignili svoje prihranke)

to break into a run — spustiti se v tek

to come down with a run — zrušiti se

to give a run — preskusiti

to go for a run — teči (kot) za stavo

everything went with a run — vse je šlo gladko, kot namazano

to have s.o. on the run colloquially pognati koga

to have a run for one's money figuratively priti na svoj račun, zabavati se za svoj denar

to have the run of s.o.'s house — imeti prost dostop v hišo kake osebe, počutiti se pri kom doma

I had the run of his library — imel sem prost dostop do njegove knjižnice

these books have had the run this year — te knjige so se letos najbolje prodajale

the play had but a short run — igra je bila le kratek čas na sporedu

the piece had a run of 20 nights — (gledališko) igro so uprizorili 20 večerov zaporedoma

to take a run — vzeti zalet

intransitive verb & transitive verb

teči, tekati, drveti, dirkati, udeležiti se dirke; voziti, hiteti, podvizati se; bežati, pobegniti, umakniti se ( from od), popihati jo, pobrisati jo; navaliti, jurišati (at, on na); hitro potovati, voziti se, pluti, redno voziti, vzdrževati promet; potegovati se ( for za), biti kandidat, kandidirati; hitro, naglo se širiti (novica, ogenj); (o času) poteči, preteči, miniti, bežati; trajati, teči, vršiti se (šola, pouk)

to run amok (amuck) — pobesneti, letati kot nor, izgubiti popolnoma oblast nad seboj

to run for it, to cut and run colloquially popihati jo, zbežati

to run foul of — trčiti z

to run to help — hiteti na pomoč

to run with the hare and hunt with the hounds figuratively skušati biti v dobrih odnosih z dvema nasprotnima si strankama

this idea keeps running through my head — ta ideja mi ne gre iz glave

run for your lives! — reši se, kdor se more!

to run for luck American poskusiti kaj na slepo srečo

to run mad — zblazneti, znoreti

to run to meet s.o. — teči komu naproti

to run to meet one's troubles figuratively vnaprej si delati skrbi

the news ran like wildfire — novica se je širila kot blisk

to run for an office — potegovati se, konkurirati, biti kandidat, kandidirati za neko službeno mesto (službo)

he who runs may read it figuratively na prvi pogled se to vidi, to se da brez težave razumeti

school runs from 8 to 12 — šola (pouk) traja od 8 do 12

a thought ran through my head — misel mi je šinila v glavo

to run from one topic to another — skakati z ene téme na drugo

time runs fast — čas beži, hitro teče

this train is running every hour — ta vlak vozi vsako uro

to run on the wheels figuratively gladko iti;

vrteti se, obračati se (on okoli); premikati se, kretati se, gibati se, kotaliti se, jadrati; (o stroju) delovati, biti v pogonu, obratovati, funkcionirati; (o tovarni itd.) biti odprt, delati; (o denarju) biti v obtoku, v prometu; (o vodi) teči, razliti se, izlivati se; (o morju) valovati; segati, raztezati se, razprostirati se; (o rastlinah) bujno rasti, pognati, iti v cvet, hitro se razmnoževati; (o menici) imeti rok veljave, teči, veljati; (o cenah) držati se; juridically ostati v veljavi; theatre biti na sporedu, uprizarjati se, predstavljati se, predvajati se, igrati se, dajati se; (o barvah) razlivati se, puščati barvo; (o očeh, nosu, rani) solziti se, cureti, kapati, gnojiti se; (o kovinah) taliti se; (o ledu) (raz)topiti se, kopneti; (o besedilu) glasiti se; (s pridevnikom) postati, nastati, biti

running ice — topeči se led

three days running — tri dni zaporedoma

the bill has three months to run — menica ima rok treh mesecev

my blood ran cold figuratively kri mi je poledenela v žilah

it runs in his blood — to mu je v krvi

he is running with blood — kri ga je oblila

the colour runs in the washing — barva pušča pri pranju

the course runs at par — tečaj (kurz) je (stoji) al pari

to run dry — posušiti se; biti prazen; figuratively onemoči, biti izčrpan

eyes run — oči se solzijo

my face runs with sweat — pot mi teče po obrazu

it runs in the family — to je v družini

to run to fat — (z)rediti se, postati debel

the feelings are running high — duhovi so razburjeni

the garden runs east — vrt sega, se razteza proti vzhodu

to run high — dvigati se, rasti

to run hot — postati vroč, segreti se

the lease runs for ten years — zakupna pogodba teče, velja deset let

that makes my mouth run — sline se mi pocede ob tem

my nose runs — iz nosa mi teče

oats run 40 pounds the bushel — cena za oves je 40 funtov bušel

to run riot — (s)puntati se, upreti se; podivjati, pobesneti, (o rastlinah) bujno se razrasti

to run round in cercles figuratively kazati veliko aktivnost, a malo uspeha

the salade runs to seed — solata gre v cvetje

sea runs high — morje je razburkano

that runs to sentiment — to sega, gre človeku do srca

we ran short of coal — premog nam je pošel, zmanjkalo nam je premoga

my supplies are running low — moje zaloge se manjšajo, gredo h kraju

my talent does not run that way — za to nimam nobenega daru

my tastes do not run that way — za to nimam smisla

to run true to form (type) — ustrezati pričakovanjem

still waters run deep — tiha voda globoko dere

to run wild — podivjati; izroditi se, spriditi se, biti neukrotljiv

words ran high — padle so ostre besede; prišlo je do ostrih besed, do hudega prerekanja

the words of this passage run thus — besede tega odstavka se glasé (takole)

the works have ceased running — tovarna je ustavila delo;

preteči, preiti, teči skozi (čez), drveti (čez), voziti (skozi), preleteti, prepluti, prejadrati; teči (s kom) za stavo; figuratively meriti se (s kom); dirkati; hunting poditi, goniti, zasledovati; zbežati (iz), ubežati, zapustiti (deželo); opraviti (pot, naročilo)

the disease runs its course — bolezen gre svojo pot

to run a blockade military prebiti blokado

to run s.o. close (hard) — teči za kom, biti komu za petami

to run the country — zbežati iz dežele

to run errands — opravljati nakupe (naročila), tekati po poslih, opravkih

to run the guard — neopazno iti mimo (skozi) straže

to run 30 knots nautical pluti s hitrostjo 30 vozlov

to run a red light (stop sign) — voziti skozi rdečo luč (znak stop)

to run messages — prinašati, prinesti sporočila

to run a parallel too far — predaleč iti v primerjavi

to run a race — tekmovati v teku (dirki), dirkati

to run races — prirediti dirke

to run the rapids — prevoziti brzice

to run a rumour back to its source — zasledovati govorico do njenega izvira

to run a scent — iti za sledjo, slediti sledi

we must let the things run its course — moramo pustiti, da gre stvar svojo pot

I'll run you to the tree over there — tekmoval bom s teboj v teku do onega drevesa;

upravijati, voditi; predelati ( into v); spraviti v tek, v gibanje, v delovanje, pustiti, da nekaj teče, točiti; zakotaliti; gnati, goniti, poditi (konja); vpisati (konja) za dirko; pasti (živino); odpraviti, odpremiti, premestiti, transportirati; tihotapiti; zabiti ( into v), zasaditi, zariti, zadreti, zabosti (nož); spustiti, dati v promet, držati v pogonu (stroj); postaviti kot kandidata ( for za); izpostaviti se, biti izpostavljen; zabresti, pustiti zabresti (v); zaleteti se (v); (kovino) taliti; (o reki) nanositi (zlato); American potegniti (črto, mejo)

to run an account with — kupovati na račun (pri kaki tvrdki)

to run brandy — tihotapiti žganje

to run one's car into a wall — zaleteti se z avtom v zid

to run the danger — biti v nevarnosti

to run debts — biti v dolgovih, zabresti v dolgove

I ran myself into difficulties — zašel sem v težave

to run one's fingers through one's hair — (hitro) iti si s prsti skozi lase

to run a firm into debt — spraviti tvrdko v dolgove

to run one's fortune — poskusiti svojo srečo

to run the gauntlet figuratively biti izpostavljen ostri kritiki

to run one's head against the wall — zaleteti se z glavo v zid, riniti z glavo skozi zid (tudi figuratively)

to run a horse — goniti, priganjati konja; vpisati (prijaviti) konja za dirko

to run lead into bullets — liti krogle iz svinca

to run logs — sploviti hlode, les

I ran a nail into my foot — zadrl sem si žebelj v nogo

to run a newspaper — izdajati časopis

to run oneself to a standstill — ustaviti se

to run risks — tvegati, riskirati

to run a ship aground — zapeljati ladjo na sipino

to run the show slang figuratively biti šef, voditi (neko) podjetje

he runs the whole show — on vodi vse

to run a high temperature medicine imeti visoko vročino

to run a town — upravljati mesto

to run a special train — dati v promet poseben vlak

adjective (o tekočini) iztekel, odcurel; raztopljen; vlit; raztaljen, staljen; nautical ki je dezertiral, dezerterski; (o ribi) ki se je preselila iz morja v reko na drstenje; (mleko) sesirjen; colloquially utihotapljen, nezakonito uvožen

run butter — raztopljeno maslo

run honey — trcan med

a run man — dezerter

run with lead — vlit iz svinca

1) (burden, weight) Last, die; (amount carried) Ladung, die

2) (weight) Last, die; (Electr.) Belastung, die

3) (fig.) Last, die; Bürde, die (geh.)

4) usu. in pl. (coll.): (plenty)

1) (put load on) beladen

2) (put as load) laden

3)

4) (charge) laden [Gewehr]

5) (insert) einlegen [Film, Tonband usw.] ( into in + Akk.); laden [Datei, Dokument]

6) (strain) schwer belasten

- academic.ru/88815/load_up">load up

* * *

1) (something which is being carried: The lorry had to stop because its load had fallen off; She was carrying a load of groceries.) die Ladung

2) (as much as can be carried at one time: two lorry-loads of earth.) die Ladung

3) (a large amount: He talked a load of rubbish; We ate loads of ice-cream.) eine Unmasse

4) (the power carried by an electric circuit: The wires were designed for a load of 15 amps.) die Leistung

1) (to take or put on what is to be carried (especially if heavy): They loaded the luggage into the car; The lorry was loading when they arrived.) beladen

2) (to put ammunition into (a gun): He loaded the revolver and fired.) laden

3) (to put film into (a camera).) Film einlegen

•

- loaded

* * *

[ləʊd, AM loʊd]

I. n

1. (amount carried) Ladung f; (cargo) Fracht f

the maximum \load for this elevator is eight persons der Aufzug hat eine Tragkraft von maximal acht Personen

with a full \load of passengers mit Passagieren [voll] besetzt

2. (burden) Last f

a heavy/light \load ein hohes/niedriges Arbeitspensum

I've got a heavy teaching \load this term in diesem Semester habe ich eine hohe Stundenzahl

to lighten the \load das Arbeitspensum verringern

to spread the \load die Verantwortung teilen

\load of debt Schuldenlast f; (of grief) Last f

3. ( fam: lots)

a \load of people turned up at the party zur Party kamen jede Menge Leute fam

what a \load of rubbish! was für ein ausgemachter Blödsinn! fam

a \load of cars eine [o jede] Menge Autos fam

a \load of washing Wäscheberg m

a \load of work ein Riesenberg an Arbeit

4. ( fam: plenty)

▪ \loads jede Menge fam, massenhaft fam

you need \loads of patience to look after children man braucht unglaublich viel Geduld, um Kinder zu beaufsichtigen

▶ get a \load of this! (sl) hör dir das an!

get a \load of this new car! jetzt schau' dir doch mal dieses neue Auto an!

▶ to take a \load off [one's feet] AM sich akk erst mal setzen fam

▶ that takes a \load off my mind! da fällt mir aber ein Stein vom Herzen!

II. adv

▪ \loads pl (sl) tausendmal fam

this book is \loads better than his last one dieses Buch ist um Klassen besser als sein letztes fam

III. vt

1. (fill)

▪ to \load sth etw laden

to \load a container einen Container beladen

to \load the dishwasher die Spülmaschine einräumen

to \load the washing machine die Waschmaschine füllen

2. ( fig: burden) aufladen

my boss has \loaded me with work mein Chef hat mich mit unheimlich viel Arbeit eingedeckt

\loaded with grief gramgebeugt

\loaded with worries sorgenbeladen

to \load sb with responsibilities jdm sehr viel Verantwortung aufladen

3. (supply excessively)

▪ to \load sb/sth with sth jdn/etw mit etw dat überhäufen [o überschütten

4. (fill) laden

to \load a cannon eine Kanone laden

to \load bullets [into a weapon] Patronen [nach]laden; (insert) einlegen

to \load a cassette/film eine Kassette/einen Film einlegen

to \load a program onto a computer ein Programm auf einem Computer installieren

5. (bias)

to \load a roulette wheel das Roulette präparieren

▶ to \load the dice mit falschen Karten spielen fig

to \load the dice in favour of sb/sth für jdn/etw eingenommen sein

to \load the dice against sb/sth gegen jdn/etw voreingenommen sein

IV. vi [ver]laden

* * *

1. n

1) (= sth carried, burden) Last f; (= cargo) Ladung f; (on girder, axle etc, fig) Belastung f, Last f

2) (ELEC) (supplied) Leistung f; (carried) Spannung f

3)

2. vt

1) goods laden; lorry etc beladen

2) (= burden, weigh down) beladen

3) (fig) überhäufen

4) gun laden

5) dice fälschen, präparieren

6) (COMPUT) laden

3. vi

1) (= load goods, truck) laden

2) (= load gun) laden; (= load camera) einen Film einlegen

3) (COMPUT) laden

* * *

load [ləʊd]

A s

1. Last f ( auch PHYS)

2. Ladung f (auch einer Schusswaffe), Fuhre f:

get a load of umg

a) sich etwas ansehen oder anhören,

b) etwas zu sehen oder zu hören bekommen;

get a load of this umg

a) hör oder schau dir das mal an!,

b) merk dir das!;

have a load on US umg schwer geladen haben (betrunken sein);

shoot one’s load vulg abschießen (ejakulieren)

3. fig Last f, Bürde f:

a load of care eine Sorgenlast;

his decision took a load off my mind bei seiner Entscheidung fiel mir ein Stein vom Herzen;

it is a load off my mind to know that … seitdem ich weiß, dass …, ist mir bedeutend wohler

4. pl umg (of) Massen pl (von Geld etc), eine Unmasse (Leute etc):

there were loads to eat es gab massenhaft zu essen; → loads B

5. (Arbeits) Pensum n, WIRTSCH auch Leistungssoll n

6. ELEK, TECH

a) Last f, Belastung f:

safe load zulässige Belastung;

the load on a motor die Belastung eines Motors; → inductive 1, peak¹ B

b) Leistung f

7. TECH Ladung f, Füllung f (Beschickungsgut)

B v/t

1. auch load up ein Fahrzeug etc beladen ( with mit):

be loaded with coal Kohle geladen haben;

a) schwer beladen,

b) niederdrücken (a. fig);

he is loaded down with responsibilities seine Verpflichtungen lasten schwer auf ihm

2. einen Gegenstand etc laden ( into in akk; onto auf akk), Güter verladen:

load up aufladen

3. a) TECH Beschickungsgut aufgeben, einfüllen

b) einen Hochofen, Reaktor etc beschicken

4. eine Schusswaffe etc laden:

load the camera FOTO einen Film (in die Kamera) einlegen

5. jemanden überhäufen ( with mit Arbeit, Geschenken, Vorwürfen etc):

load duties on sb jemanden mit Pflichten überhäufen

6. sich den Magen überladen:

7. beschweren, schwerer machen, engS. Würfel einseitig beschweren, präparieren:

load the dice in sb’s favo(u)r fig

a) vorteilhaft für jemanden sein,

b) jemandem einen Vorteil verschaffen;

load the dice against sb fig

a) nachteilig für jemanden sein,

b) jemanden benachteiligen;

the dice are loaded against him alles ist gegen ihn, alles hat sich gegen ihn verschworen

8. a) ein Getränk präparieren

b) Wein etc panschen

9. ELEK pupinisieren, Pupinspulen einbauen in (akk)

10. COMPUT ein Programm laden

C v/i

1. meist load up (auf-, ein)laden

2. beladen werden

3. (das Gewehr etc) laden, FOTO einen Film einlegen:

are you loaded? ist Ihre Waffe geladen?

4. geladen werden (Schusswaffe etc):

how does this camera load? FOTO wie wird in diese Kamera der Film eingelegt?

* * *

1) (burden, weight) Last, die; (amount carried) Ladung, die

2) (weight) Last, die; (Electr.) Belastung, die

3) (fig.) Last, die; Bürde, die (geh.)

4) usu. in pl. (coll.): (plenty)

1) (put load on) beladen

2) (put as load) laden

3)

4) (charge) laden [Gewehr]

5) (insert) einlegen [Film, Tonband usw.] ( into in + Akk.); laden [Datei, Dokument]

6) (strain) schwer belasten

- load up

* * *

Druck -e m.

Ladung -en f.

Last -en m. v.

beladen v.

belasten v.

laden v.

[dʌst] n

Staub m;

coal \dust Kohlenstaub m;

particle of \dust Staubpartikel nt;

to collect [or gather] \dust Staub ansammeln;

to be covered in \dust staubbedeckt [o staubig] sein; furniture, objects völlig verstaubt sein

to throw \dust in sb's eyes jdm Sand in die Augen streuen ( fig)

to allow the \dust to settle;

to let the \dust settle;

to wait till the \dust has settled [ab]warten, bis sich die Wogen wieder geglättet haben;

to bite the \dust ins Gras beißen ( fig) ( fam)

to eat sb's \dust (Am) ( fam) von jdm abgehängt werden ( fam)

eat my \dust! versuch mitzuhalten, wenn du kannst!;

to leave sb/sth in the \dust etw/jdn weit übertreffen;

to lick the \dust im Staub kriechen ( fig)

to not see sb for [the] \dust blitzschnell abhauen ( fam)

to turn to \dust ( liter) zu Staub werden ( fig) ( liter) vt

1) ( clean)

to \dust sth objects, furniture etw abstauben; rooms, buildings in etw dat Staub wischen

2) ( spread over finely)

to \dust sth [with sth] etw [mit etw dat] bestäuben;

( using grated material) etw [mit etw dat] bestreuen;

to \dust crops Getreide bestäuben;

to \dust sth with insecticide etw mit einem Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel besprühen vi Staub wischen

1) пыль

2) очищать от пыли; превращать в пыль

3) посыпать порошком

•

- abrasive dust

* * *

пыль